Cutter mounting for reamers



Jan. 5, 1932.

J. GRANT CUTTER MOUNTING FOR REAMERS Filed April 21, 1928 2 sheets-sheet1 .752511, Gran t".

Jan. 5, 1932. I 1 GRANT 1,839,787

CUT-TER MOUNTING FOR REAMERS Filed April 2l, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheetl 2fifa/v2 @y latentecl Jian..5i, 1.932' Y JOHN GRANT, oF Los ANGELES,CALIFORNIA CUTTERVMOUNTING ronY nnnivinas v 'Ihis invention has todowith reaniers or underreamers of the type used for drilling.`

wells, and the invention` is particularly'con- .icerncd with means andarrangements for' ^-kinds and types of cutters. 1 plicable to plainreainers, as well asto exclaims, as a limitation upon A lon O'itudinalmovement.

mounting the reaming cutters on the body of a reamer. f

T he invention is applicable to various kinds and types of reamers andlikewise to Vvarious pandingreainers or underreamers. All this will beunderstood"from the nature. of the invention which is made clear in thefollow-k ing description of an. illustrativeHembodif nient. I l Y Forthe purposes of explaining theinven-` tion I show a reamer havingexpansively movable cutters; and` again I choose, but

Ymerely for purposes of illustration, to show i Y `Figure"7.

'cutters which expand byswingingmovements.

except as expressly limited in the invention.l

With these understandings, and describing the invention as applied to aswinging cutter expansive reamer, it is to be noted that acharacteristic feature of the cutter mounting lies in the fact that thecutters or cutter-car, rying elements are placed or assembled inoperative position upon the body by lateral movement and placement,'rather than' by t, In most, if not all,

of the swinging cutterreamers ofnwhich I' am aware, it .has beencommento placeV the cutters or cutter-carrying lelements in the body yby longitudinal insertion,l involving some complications of assemblyvanddisassembly. The matter yof disassembling the reame1 to take out thecutters, and subse-V quently reassembling, is 'of some importance'because ofY the fact thatthecutters must be renewed or sharpenedfrequent-lyj My new inode of assembly providesa comparatively simpleoperation', one that does not require the removal and replacement of anumber of dii'erent parts, and furthermore provides such a structurethat the body of the' 1inder-` reamer may be made essentially in onepiece.

Also yitl is api Such illustration has` been adopted in order toindicate the 'range of applicabilityof the invention and isnot to kbeconsidered,A

the appended f l Application filed April 21,1928. serial No. 271,660.

Proceeding to a detailed description of illustrative and typical formsof the inven-v tion applied to a particular type of cutter,V I refertothe accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a longitudinalcentralsectionof an expansive reamer in accordance witliiny invention.

Figures 2, Sand 4 are cross sections, respectively, on lines 2-2,'3-3and-le-l of Fig'-Y Vure 1.

-Figure is a longitudinal central section of another structural form. vi

Figure 6 isr a cross section similar to Figure 2 but showing a modifiedconstruction.

Figure 7 'is a longitudinal section similarif'ication. `1 c v Y Figure 8is a crossv section on line 8-8 of Figure 9 isa Jfragmentary sideelevation of l,

the form shown in Figure 7. l Y

In the drawingsthe body of the reamer is shown at This body may begenerally cylindric in forni with a taper-threaded pin y. 11 at itsupper/end for connection with the V usual rotary drilling string 12, andwithra ltaper-threaded`box 13 at its lower Vend .for connection with adrilling bit 15, or with a sub 16 which connects'with the drilling bit.`

.The body has the usual watercourse 17 to..

pass circulation water to the drilling bit.

In the particular form o reamer herev il? lustrated thebody may beprovided with a plurality of cutter-receiving recesses 18 of anysuitable number, depending upon the show three cutters and'threerecesses. rIhe recesses 1S, or tlie recessed part of the body, may ofany specific formation that may I be desired, depending upon the form ofthe heads, as shown in Figure 5,Y or in one ot them, as shown in Figure1, I orm lsuitable to Figures 1 and 5 showing a further modi-1` i.number of cutters used.v I prefer here to 'to take and hold'tl'ie Aend"10C Lmounted upon the pin 29. yof roller pin 26 is set in a bearingblock 27 a drawings, in Figure l I show the upper head 2,0 provided withthree vertically extending` f grooves or slots 25, the bottoms of thesegrooves or slots being semi-cylindric in form in order to form a goodbearing surface for the'pivot pins 26 of the `cutter carriers 27. In theparticular form here illustrated the cutter carriers 27 are formed withahead 28 which swings upon the axis of pivot pin`26, and a` roller aXispin 29 mounted' at its upper end in head 26. rIhe ultimatecuttingelement is here formed by a roller 30 rotatably The lowerendwhich may, if desired, be made as a removable and renewable pieceseparate troml the bod-y and may be formed of any suit-ablevor selectedmaterial. rlhese bearing blocks 27a may be insertable in the body andheld in the body in the manner which'will be readily understood from aconsideration of Figures Y l and 4; and the lower end of pins 26 willpreferably it in the bores of blocks 27a so that the pins may gyrate inthe bore when the upper end of the pins swing with theheads 28. Theheads 28 may eitherV be mounted solidly on the upper pivot pin 26 or thepivot pin 26 may be stationary and head 28A swing about the pivot pin.It may be preferable to make the pivot pin 26 swing` with the head asthereby Va better and longer bearing surface ymay Ybe obtained for theswinging movement; but whether or not that iS the case, it will be seenthat the construction affords a good and strong bearing for vthe pivotpin 26. In structures-such as here described I do not subject the pivotpin to the full forces and thrusts lincident to reaniing, rathersupporting the head 28 directly on the body when the cutters areexpanded but such provisions are not a partof the present invention andneed not be described.

It will be understood that the particular make-up of thecutters may bevaried. I show them here asl made up of the carriers (hea-ds' 28, 28a,pins 29, and pivots 26) and of the `preferred ultimate cutting element(rollers 3Q) g butthey can beotherwise formed. It will be understood,that in the terni cutter I mean tol include l the carrier and theultimate cutting element.

'To hold the pivot pins 26 in place a single' i surrounding ring 35V isscrew-threaded Vat In order-to disassemble the type shown in Figurel, itis onlynecessary to unscrew and elevate thefsleeve 35a, when the upperends of the carriersl can be moved directly outwardly and out of theslots 25, this outward swinging of the upper ends of the cutter-carriersbeing allowed by the fact that the lower endsof pins 26t loosely in thebores of bearing blocks 27a so as to allow such oscillation.V Then thecutter carriers can be removed from bearingr blocks 27a by a shortupward movement. c .A

On the other hand in Figure 5 I have shown a further application of theinvention wherein the. cutter carriers have lower swinging heads28a`similar to `the upper heads 26; and lower pivotV pins 26a areprovided like the upper pins 26. These lower pins 26a` fit into bodyslots 25a whichare the same as body slots 25; and these lower pins arelikewise held in position by asleeve ring 35?) which is screw-threadedon the body and is overhung by thefsub l6-to prevent its accidentalunscrewing.V In the form ofFigure 5, when the tworings 35u-and 35.7; areunscrewed and moved1 longitudinally the cutter-,carriers can be thenremoved 'from'the body by direct outwardV movement.

The cutter-carriers here, described may be broadly regarded as typicalof any type of cuttercarrier, expansive or non-expansive. And such acutter carrier may carry any type of ultimate cutting element, eventhoughV the ultimate cutting element is in substance nothing more than asha-rp edge formed upon the cutter-carrier itself. Likewise, if thecuttercarrier moves toexpand, it may, ina broad conception of myinvention, have any type of expanding movement,thev swinging movementbeing here illustrated and described in a` broadsense as typical andonlyspecifically to show the adaptation of my mounting means to a swingingcutter carrier and to show that the mounting means may not only providea mount but may also provide bear ing surfaces forswinging movement.

The forms so far described have embodied a body surrounding ring as theelement for holding the pivot pinsV 26 inwardly. In the form shown inFigures 7, 8 and 9 thebody is provided' with the same slots as before,but

the holding mea-ns becomes, for each pivot pin, adove-tailed key orwedge 350 which` bears back against the pivot pin 26 or 26a. This key orwedge may preferably be dovetailed in section as is shown in Figure 8and also wedge shaped as shown in Figure 9; so that when inserted fromabove it may be pressed or lightly driven tightly into place and willhave no tendency to move out of its proper position.- And these keys orwedges are then prevented from backing out by substantially the samearrangement as shown in Figures 1 and 5 but in Figure 7 I show a ring orwasher 40 interposed between the drill stem element 12, or the sub 16,and the ends of the keys 350, thus to show that the retaining means, 35or 35a, need not directly engage the drill stem elements in order to beheld in place thereby.

Also in Figures 7 and 9 I show the pivot pins 26 mounted in bearingslots contained in removable bearing blocks 41. For all functionalpurposes the bearing blocks 41 may be considered as a part of the reamerbody. It will merely provide for easy renewal of the bearing faces ifthey should become worn. Figure 6 shows a similar application of thebearing blocks 41 to the form of device shown in Figures 1 or 5.

The foregoingindicates the scope of the invention by indicating variousmodifications, but other modifications of form and of adaptability ofthe invention will occur to those skilled in the art, and such arecontemplated to be in the broad scope of the invention.

I claim:

1. In a reamei, the combination of a body having a groove adapted toreceive a cutter carrier, a cutter with a part lying in the groove, amember mountedon the body to close the groove outside of the cutter andthus hold the cutter in place, said member being removable in alongitudinal direction from groove closing position on the body, andelement screw-threadedly joined to the end of the body and obstructinglongitudinal removal of the groove closing member.

2. In a reamer, the combination of a body having a groove adapted toreceive a. cutter carrier, a cutter with a. part Vlying in the groove, amember mounted on the body to close the groove outside of the cutter andthus hold the cutter in place, said member being removable in alongitudinal direction from groove closing position on the body, and adrilling-stem element screw-threadedly joined to the end of the body andoverhanging the groove closing member to .prevent its longitudinalwithdrawal. v

8. In a reanier, the combination of a body having a groove which openslaterally to a side surface of the body, the back surface of the groovebeing substantially senii-cylindrio to form bearing surface, a cutterwith a pivot pin fitting in the grove and removable therefrom by'ylateral outward movement away from the body,-andfa ring removablysurrounding the body f and overlying the grooveto prevent lateralremoval of the pivot pin. I v 4. In a reamer, tliecombination of a bodyliavinga grooveV which opens laterally-to a side surface of the body,the back surface of theA groove being substantially semi-*cylindric toform albearing surface, a cutter with a pivot pin ittiiig in the grooveand removable therefroniby lateral outward movement away from' the body,aj member closing the groove opening outsidey the pivot pin to hold thepin normally in place, and removable from groove closing position on thebody in a longitudinal direction and an element sorew-threadedly joinedto `the end of the body and obstructing longitudinal removal of thegroove closing member.

5. In a-reamer, tliecombmation of a body having ,a groove which openslaterally to a;

side surface of the body, the back surface of the groove beingsubstantially semifcyliir dric to form a bearing surface, a Ycutter witha pivot pin fitting in the groove and removabletherefrom by lateraloutward movement away from the body, a ring, surrounding the body andoverlying the groove to prevent lateral removal of the pivot pin, andreniovl; v

able from groove closing position on the body in a longitudinaldirection and a drilling stem element lscrew-threadedly joined to th;l n

end of the body and overhanging the groove closing member toprevent itslongitudinal withdrawal. f

6. In a reamer, the combination of a body having a groove lerr-tendinglongitudinally of the body and opening out laterally to-.a side surfaceof the body, a longitudinal pivot pin in the groove and removabletherefrom by lateral outward movement away, from the body, a cuttermounted on the pivot pin and adapted to swing aboutits longitudinalaxis,

a member closing thegroove opening outside'r the pivot pin to hold thepinnormal'ly in place and removable in a longitudinal directionfrom-groove closingposition, and. an element, screwsthreadedly joined tothe swings, at least one of said heads having ay pivot receiving groovewhich extends longitudinally of the head and opens out laterally to aside surface of the head, a member closing the groove opening outsidethe pivot pin to hold the pin normally in place and removable in alongitudinal direction from groove closing position, and an elementscrewthreadedly joined .to the end ofthe body and obstructinglongitudinal .removal of the groove closing member. r

8. In a reamer, the combination of .a body i having two spaced headswith an intervening cutter receiving recessed portion, a cutter havingpivot pins at each end, said pivot pins being mounted in the body headsand forming the .axes about which the cutter swings, both'heads havingpivot receiving grooves which extend longitudinally of the heads andopen out laterally to side surfaces thereof,

members closing said groove openings outside the pivot pins to hold theVpins normally in place and removable in a longitudinal direotion fromgroove closing position, and two. drilling stem elementsscrew-threadedly joined to the opposite ends of the body and overhangingthe groove closing members to prevent their longitudinal removal.

9. In a reainer, the combination of a body having a groove opening outlaterally to a side surface of the body, a bearing insert carried insaid body groove and removable therefrom by lateral outward movementaway from thefbody, said insert having a pin-receiving recess, a cutterand a cutter pivot pin, said pivot pin having bearing in the insertrecess, and a member mounted on the body closing the body groove andholding the bear ing insert against lateral displacement in the body,said ymember being removable in a longitudinal direction from its grooveclosing position.

10. In a reamer, the combination of a body having a groove opening outlaterally to a side surface of the body, a bearing insert carried insaid bodygroove and removable therefrom by lateral outward movement awayfrom the body, said insert having a pin-receiving recess, a cutter and aAcutter `pivot pin, said pivot pin having bearing in the insert recess,and a sleeve mounted around the grooved portion of the body, Vclosingthe body groove and holding the bearing insert'against lateraldisplacement in the body, said sleeve being removablein a longitudinaldirection from its groove closing posit-ion.` Y Y In testimony whereof Ihave herenntoset JOHN' GRANT.

